Effect of metabolic enzymes on acceleration ability in exercise fatigue / Efeito das enzimas metabólicas na capacidade de aceleração na fadiga por exercício / Efecto de las enzimas metabólicas sobre la capacidad de aceleración en la fatiga por ejercicio

ABSTRACT Introduction Study the relationship between the metabolic enzyme and the biological image, filtered by an adaptive filtering algorithm. Objective The research aims to In this study, human metabolic enzymes were evaluated by electrocardiogram and electromyogram images, and an adaptive filtering algorithm removed the noises in the images. Methods The electrocardiogram and electromyogram images at different periods were obtained, and the calculation method and application scope of the adaptive filtering algorithm were analysed. Results Adaptive filter was designed by the combination of adaptive filtering algorithm and dynamic information. Therefore, the artefact of the image was removed. Conclusions The adaptive filtering algorithm can effectively remove the noise or artefact in electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals. The optimal image information can be obtained. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução Estudar a relação entre a enzima metabólica e a imagem biológica filtrada por um algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa. Objetivo O objetivo da pesquisa, neste estudo, é avaliar enzimas metabólicas humanas por meio de imagens de eletrocardiograma e eletromiograma, sendo que um algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa eliminou o ruído nas imagens. Métodos Imagens de eletrocardiograma e eletromiograma foram obtidas em diferentes períodos e foram analisados o método de cálculo e o escopo de aplicação do algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa. Resultados a filtragem adaptativa foi projetada combinando um algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa e informações dinâmicas. Portanto, o artefato foi removido da imagem. Conclusões O algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa pode efetivamente eliminar ruído ou artefato em sinais de eletrocardiograma e eletromiograma. Informações de imagem ideais podem ser obtidas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Estudiar la relación entre la enzima metabólica y la imagen biológica, filtrada por un algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo. Objetivo La investigación tiene como objetivo, en este estudio, evaluar las enzimas metabólicas humanas mediante imágenes de electrocardiograma y electromiograma, y un algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo eliminó los ruidos en las imágenes. Métodos Se obtuvieron las imágenes de electrocardiograma y electromiograma en diferentes períodos y se analizó el método de cálculo y alcance de aplicación del algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo. Resultados El filtrado adaptativo se diseñó mediante la combinación de un algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo e información dinámica. Por lo tanto, se eliminó el artefacto de la imagen. Conclusiones El algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo puede eliminar eficazmente el ruido o artefacto en las señales de electrocardiograma y electromiograma. Se puede obtener la información de imagen óptima. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Application of back propagation neural network in sports fatigue indicators / Aplicação da rede neural de retropropagação em indicadores de fadiga esportiva / Aplicación de la red neuronal de retropropagación en indicadores de fatiga deportiva

ABSTRACT Introduction High-intensity rehabilitation training will produce exercise fatigue. Objective A backpropagation (BP) network neural algorithm is proposed to predict sports fatigue based on electromyography (EMG) signal images. Methods The principal component analysis algorithm is used to reduce the dimension of EMG signal features. The knee joint angle is estimated by the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm and the BP neural network algorithm. Results The RMSE value of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm is lower than that of the BP neural network algorithm. At the same time, the ρ value of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm is closer to 1, indicating its higher accuracy. Conclusions The model training time of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm has been greatly reduced, which improves efficiency. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento de reabilitação de alta intensidade produzirá fadiga ao exercício. Objetivo Um algoritmo neural de backpropagation network (BP) é proposto para prever a fadiga esportiva com base em imagens de sinais de eletromiografia (EMG). Métodos O algoritmo de análise de componente principal é usado para reduzir a dimensão das características do sinal EMG. O ângulo da articulação do joelho é estimado usando o algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina de limite regularizado acima e o algoritmo de rede neural BP. Resultados o valor RMSE do algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina acima do limite regularizado é menor que o do algoritmo de rede neural BP. Ao mesmo tempo, o valor de ρ do algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina acima do limite regularizado está próximo de 1, indicando sua maior precisão. Conclusões O tempo de treinamento do modelo de algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina acima do limite regularizado foi bastante reduzido, o que melhora a eficiência. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento de rehabilitación de alta intensidad producirá fatiga por ejercicio. Objetivo Se propone un algoritmo neuronal de red de retropropagación (BP) para predecir la fatiga deportiva basándose en imágenes de señales de electromiografía (EMG). Métodos El algoritmo de análisis de componentes principales se utiliza para reducir la dimensión de las características de la señal EMG. El ángulo de la articulación de la rodilla se estima mediante el algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado y el algoritmo de red neuronal BP. Resultados el valor de RMSE del algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado es menor que el del algoritmo de red neuronal de BP. Al mismo tiempo, el valor ρ del algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado está más cerca de 1, lo que indica su mayor precisión. Conclusiones El tiempo de entrenamiento del modelo del algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado se ha reducido en gran medida, lo que mejora la eficiencia. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Glycosylation of ß1 subunit plays a pivotal role in the toxin sensitivity and activation of BK channels

The accessory ß1 subunits, regulating the pharmacological and biophysical properties of BK channels, always undergo post-translational modifications, especially glycosylation. To date, it remains elusive whether the glycosylation contributes to the regulation of BK channels by ß1 subunits. Methods: Herein, we combined the electrophysiological approach with molecular mutations and biochemical manipulation to investigate the function roles of N-glycosylation in ß1 subunits. Results: The results show that deglycosylation of ß1 subunits through double-site mutations (ß1 N80A/N142A or ß1 N80Q/N142Q) could significantly increase the inhibitory potency of iberiotoxin, a specific BK channel blocker. The deglycosylated channels also have a different sensitivity to martentoxin, another BK channel modulator with some remarkable effects as reported before. On the contrary to enhancing effects of martentoxin on glycosylated BK channels under the presence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, deglycosylated channels were not affected by the toxin. However, the deglycosylated channels were surprisingly inhibited by martentoxin under the absence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, while the glycosylated channels were not inhibited under this same condition. In addition, wild type BK (α+ß1) channels treated with PNGase F also showed the same trend of pharmacological results to the mutants. Similar to this modulation of glycosylation on BK channel pharmacology, the deglycosylated forms of the channels were activated at a faster speed than the glycosylated ones. However, the V1/2 and slope were not changed by the glycosylation. Conclusion: The present study reveals that glycosylation is an indispensable determinant of the modulation of ß1-subunit on BK channel pharmacology and its activation. The loss of glycosylation of ß1 subunits could lead to the dysfunction of BK channel, resulting in a pathological state.(AU)

Effect of sevoflurane pretreatment in relieving liver ischemia/reperfusion-induced pulmonary and hepatic injury

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced pulmonary/hepatic injury Methods Fifty-one Wistar rats were randomly grouped into sham, I/R, and sevoflurane groups. After reperfusion, the structural change of the lung was measured by Smith score, the wet and dry weights (W/D) were determined, malondialdehyde (MDA) myeloperoxidase (MPO) content was determined colorimetrically and by fluorescence, respectively, and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR. Biopsy and morphological analyses were performed on liver tissue, activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level was determined. Results The sham group showed no changes in tissue structure. Structural lesions in the sevoflurane and I/R groups were mild and severe, respectively. Smith score, W/D, MDA, MPO, and MMP mRNA showed the same trend, and were increased in the I/R group and recovered in the sevoflurane group, compared with the sham group (both P<0.05). AST and ALT were significantly increased compared to the sham group (AST: 655±52.06 vs . 29±9.30 U/L; ALT: 693±75.56 vs . 37±6.71 U/L; P<0.05). In the sevoflurane group, AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased (464±47.71 and 516±78.84 U/L; P<0.001). TNF-α presented similar results. Conclusion The protection of lung and liver by sevoflurane may be mediated by inhibited leukocyte recruitment and MMP-9 secretion.

Shuxuetong injection combined with intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation in the treatment of BRVO with macular edema / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the curative effect of Shuxuetong injection combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation in the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).METHODS:Totally 70 patients (70 affected eyes) with ME secondary to BRVO treated from January 2015 to December 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group by random number table method,35 patients (35 affected eyes) in each group.The control group were treated by intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation,and on the basis,the observation group were treated with Shuxuetong injection.The clinical curative effect and complications were compared between the two groups.At 1wk,1 and 3mo after treatment,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT)were checked again.RESULTS:The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was slightly higher than that in the control group (91％ vs 80％;P＞0.05) while the markedly effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (43％ vs20％;P＜0.05).At 1wk,1 and 3mo after treatment,BCVA and CMT in the two groups decreased (P＜0.05),and they were lower in the observation group than the control group at the same time point (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The treatment of ME secondary to BRVO with Shuxuetong injection combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation can effectively reduce CRT and improve visual acuity,with high safety.

Mask-wearing and respiratory infection in healthcare workers in Beijing, China

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine rates of mask-wearing, of respiratory infection and the factors associated with mask-wearing and of respiratory infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) in Beijing during the winter of 2007/2008. METHODS: We conducted a survey of 400 HCWs working in eight hospitals in Beijing by face to face interview using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: We found that 280/400 (70.0 percent) of HCWs were compliant with mask-wearing while in contact with patients. Respiratory infection occurred in 238/400 (59.5 percent) subjects from November, 2007 through February, 2008. Respiratory infection was higher among females (odds ratio [OR], 2.00 [95 percent confidence interval {CI}, 1.16-3.49]) and staff working in larger hospitals (OR, 1.72 [95 percent CI, 1.092.72]), but was lower among subjects with seasonal influenza vaccination (OR, 0.46 [95 percent CI, 0.280.76]), wearing medical masks (reference: cotton-yarn; OR, 0.60 [95 percent CI, 0.39-0.91]) or with good mask-wearing adherence (OR, 0.60 [95 percent CI, 0.37-0.98]). The risk of respiratory infection of HCWs working in low risk areas was similar to that of HCWs in high risk area. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that female HCWs and staffs working in larger hospitals are the focus of prevention and control of respiratory infection in Beijing hospitals. Mask-wearing and seasonal influenza vaccination are protective for respiratory infection in HCWs; the protective efficacy of medical masks is better than that of cotton yarn ones; respiratory infection of HCWs working in low risk areas should also be given attention.

Components in Melanoma Cytoplasm Might Induce Murine BMSCs Transformation and Expression of Melan-A / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study explored the possibility that the components in melanoma cytoplasm induce murine BMSCs transformation and expression of Melan-A by morphologically observing the changes of BMSCs and immunocytochemically detecting Melan-A in the cells after culturing BMSCs in medium containing melanoma cytoplasm components (MCC).MCC of B16 melanoma cells was prepared and BMSCs were cultured and induced by adding the MCC into culture medium.The cells were morphologically observed and Melan-A was immunohistochemically detected to confirm BMSCs transformation.MCC-induced BMSCs underwent morphological changes.A number of melanin granules appeared in the cytoplasm of the cells and some were released into surrounding areas.Several cells that might come from one cell formed a cluster,and their granules,together with those secreted by other induced BMSCs,formed a so-called “sphere-formed structure”.The induced BMSCs expressed Melan-A.We are led to conclude that there might be some factors in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells that might induce BMSCs transformation toward melanogenic cell,or even melanoma.